The raw water for food factories is mostly sourced from municipal tap water or groundwater. However, this raw water still contains trace suspended solids, colloids, residual chlorine, hardness ions, and microbial risks. Therefore, such water quality cannot meet the requirements for high-end beverages, dairy products, and brewing water. The water treatment equipment first processes the raw water through a combined "multi-media filtration + activated carbon adsorption + ultrafiltration" process.

The large volumes of tracing steam condensate and process condensate generated by petrochemical plants are characterized by high temperature and good water quality, but they often carry free oil and emulsified oil droplets. Only after this can the water be sent to the boiler feed water system. The difficulty with this purification combination lies in the fact that the oil content in the incoming water fluctuates drastically and may carry sudden loads of heavy tar. Such conditions can very easily lead to filter media hardening and failure.

In thermal power and nuclear power plants, boiler feed water treatment is the most critical part of the entire water purification system. Ultra-supercritical units require the silica content in the feed water to be below 10 μg/L, and the hardness to be virtually zero. The core difficulty lies in the fact that the resin in the condensate polishing mixed bed must withstand high temperatures and repeated regeneration. Any trace ion leakage will concentrate inside the steam drum and superheater tube walls, subsequently causing severe corrosion problems.